BIOMOLECULES 

As above we understand about Biochemistry also we study that how its deals with the study  of biomolecules 


so now lets discuss What are Biomolecules ? & How its work in living organism.

 

The living cell is composed of few elements that combine to form a great variety of molecules.

 C, H, O and N are the major elements of most biomolecules.

 Calcium plays a major role in countless biological processes and potassium, sulphur, sodium chlorine, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and iodine having diverse role.

 The major Biomolecules includes carbohydrates proteins, fats and nucleic acids,

 the major Biopolymers includes DNA, RNA, proteins, polysaccharides and lipids.

 

Biomolecule, also called biological molecule, any

of numerous substances that are produced by cells

and living organisms. Biomolecules have a wide range of sizes and structures and perform a vast

array of functions. The four major types of biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic

acids, and proteins.




 

  Give examples of biomolecules?

 Biomolecules are of two types:

 

i. Simple molecules

ii. Macromolecules (derived from reactions of simple molecules)

 

Importance of biomolecules:

 

The proteins and carbohydrates are the chief constituents of all the food that we eat.

 

1)Carbohydrates acts as a source of energy.

 

2) Proteins are the nitrogenous substances present in hair, skin, nails, muscles etc. They play, vital role for the functioning of living organisms.

Some proteins act as enzymes and catalyze many chemical reactions that occur in cells.

 

3)The two nucleic acids present in the nucleus of cell, the ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic  acid (DNA) store genetic characteristics and

 are required for synthesis of proteins in a cell.

Simple molecules such as water, mineral salts, vitamins and hormones play vital role for the functioning of living organisms.

 

v  The basic unit of cells includes DNA, RNA, Proteins, Polysaccharides and Lipids.

 

o   DNA: (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) It is the principle Genetic Material which occurs in the chromosomes of the nucleus. Building block is deoxyribo nucleotides.

o   RNA : (Ribo Nucleic Acid) It is made up of ribo-nucleotide units and functions as template and messenger for protein synthesis.  RNA

o   Proteins: It is made up of amino acids and has numerous Activity. i.n. enzymatic, hormonal, structural, transporting visual

o   Polysaccharids : Glycogen ,starch , etc . Basic unit are  glucose, functions as storage form of energy.

o   Lipids: Basic units are fatty acids; functions as membrane components and long term storage of energy as triacylglycerol.

 

 

Chemical composition of a human

 

·         Fats - 13.8 %

·         Proteins -17 %

·         Carbohydrates -1.5 %

·         Water -     61.6 %

·         Minerals - 61 %.

 

·         What is cell?

 

 It is the basic unit present in all living beings. It is very small.

 It has complex structure.

 It contains several lifeless molecules which combine in a particular manner to form complex substances.

 These complex substances are useful to sustain life and to produce daughter cells which

 are identical to parent cells.

 

·         Facts about

 

All living things are made up of cells.

Cells are made up of proteins and organelles.

Groups of cells form tissues and systems.

The main purpose of a cell is to organize. ...

The longest cells in the human body are the motor neurons. ...

Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body.

 

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